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Constitutional change in Hungary: what can the EU do?

Sophie Duxson* & Greg Weeks**

An earlier version of the below article appeared in the UK Constitutional Law blog on 17 January.

On 18 January of this year, in the face of EU pressure, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbn agreed to review some of the fundamental changes his government has wrought on Hungarys constitutional framework. But what powers have the EU in the face of democratically implemented constitutional change? The answer is: quite a lot.

The European Commission, the executive of the EU, has commenced legal proceedings against Fidesz (the party which currently holds government in Hungary) to challenge the three pieces of legislation enacted under the new Constitution they see as the greatest threat to democracy in Hungary: those that affect, respectively, the independence of the judiciary, the Central Bank and the data affairs ombudsmen. It commenced these proceedings under the authority of Article 7(3) of the Treaty of the European Union, which allows the EC to act preventively in the event of a clear threat of a serious breach of the common values of the EU. The EU has given Orbns government a month to respond to the criticism and the EU Justice Commissioner, Viviane Reding, has said that only actual changes to the legislation in question, or their immediate suspension, will be able to accommodate the Commission's legal concerns.

The EC considers legislation allowing Cabinet ministers to participate in Central Bank meetings, requiring the meetings' agendas to be sent to government representatives in advance and obliging members of the Central Bank to sign an oath of loyalty, violates Articles 127(4) and 130 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. It points to the compulsory retirement age of judges as an infringement of Council Directive 2000/78/EC, which prevents discrimination in the workplace. This is interesting, because other EU member states require their judges to retire by a certain age. For example, Lord Sumption, the newest member of the UK Supreme Court, will be required to retire upon his 70^th birthday. Compulsory judicial retirement is also commonplace outside the EU: for example, it has applied to every appointee to a federal court in Australia since 1977. The ECs real issue is likely to be that the new Constitutions lowering of the retirement age will force around 300 judges to retire in the coming year. The new President of the newly-created National Justice Office, Tunde Hando, is a family friend of Prime Minister Orbn and the wife of an influential Fidesz politician. Ms Hando has the power to appoint new judges and it is not unreasonable to expect that these appointments will have a distinctly partisan flavour.

The EC also challenges the decision to create a New Data Protection Office, throwing out the current Commissioner and enabling members of the Executive to fire the new supervisor for arbitrary reasons. There are numerous EU Law authorities that defend the independence of data protection, as well as EU case law that establishes that data protection supervisory authorities have to remain free from any external influence.

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Were you aware that You are able to Obtain Era Movies — How you can Obtain Era Movies In your own home

If you were living in the past, you would think the ability to download new release movies impossible, but today. You can do this anytime you like, and as many as you like. There are more and more that have decided to forget heading out to the video store to rent a movie, or go to find the new releases only to find out they are all out.

It's simple to down load technology movies as well as burn them with a DVD and make up your personal little video collection. You can forget waiting, paying additional fees since you didn't remember to come back the video in time, you can forget inconveniences of the past.

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January 29 to February 4 – This Week in Denver Weather History

January 29 to February 4 - This Week in Denver Weather History

You just never know what you are going to get with the weather in Denver and we see that in our look back at the Denver weather history books. From cold and snow to damaging winds and spring-like temperatures, we can and do see it all.

From the National Weather Service:

26-1

In 1888…a protracted warm spell lasted a week. Maximum temperatures ranged from 62 degrees on the 29th to an all time record high for the month of 76 degrees on the 27th. Daily record high temperatures of 76…69…and 71 occurred on the 27th…28th…and 30th respectively. Record high minimum temperatures of 47 and 34 occurred on the 26th and 27th.

27-31

In 1951…a major storm dumped 10.1 inches of snowfall at Stapleton Airport. Most of the snow…8.3 inches…fell on the 29th. Cold arctic air accompanied the snow. Several temperature records were set…including record low maximum temperatures of 4 on the 28th and 4 below zero on the 29th and record low temperatures of 12 below zero on the 29th and 24 below zero on the 31st. Temperatures were below zero for 45 consecutive hours.

28-29

In 1956…snowfall totaled 5.5 inches at Stapleton Airport where east winds gusted to 32 mph on the 28th.

In 1972…cold west winds buffeted Boulder. A wind gust to 92 mph was recorded at the National Bureau of Standards…while a gust to 76 mph was measured in downtown Boulder. Two mobile homes were overturned in Boulder. Other damage was minor. Northwest winds gusted to 40 mph at Stapleton International Airport on the 28th.

In 1987…strong winds buffeted the Front Range foothills and spread east over the plains. The highest wind recorded was 99 mph on the 29th at both the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder and the Rocky Flats plant south of Boulder. Wind gusts in excess of 80 mph were common. A northwest wind gust to 54 mph was recorded at Stapleton International Airport on the 28th with a gust to 41 mph on the 29th. Planes were damaged at both the Boulder and Jefferson County Airports. Hangars were also damaged at Jefferson County Airport. Many windows were broken…signs toppled…and trees downed. A brick wall was blown onto parked cars in Lakewood. A couple of houses in Lakewood were unroofed…while falling trees damaged others. Two people were injured by flying debris in Lakewood and Golden. Total insured damage along the Front Range was 10 million dollars making the wind storm the second most costly on record in Colorado at the time.

In 1995…deepening upslope winds along the eastern foothills on the 28th gave way to periods of heavy snow during the night and early morning hours of the 29th. Snow fell to a depth of 8 inches in both Golden and Boulder with up to a foot in the foothills. Only 1.9 inches of snow fell at Stapleton International Airport…where east winds gusted to 22 mph on the 28th.

In 2001…heavy snow fell across metro Denver. The heaviest snowfall occurred from just south of Denver to around Castle Rock. Snow amounts included: 12 inches east of Parker…9 inches near Elizabeth and in Littleton…8 inches near Castle Rock and in Parker…and 7 inches in Aurora. Snowfall totaled 6.0 inches at the site of the former Stapleton International Airport.

28-30

In 1887…winds were strong and gusty for three days in the city. West and northwest winds were sustained to 56 mph on both the 28th and 29th and to 44 mph on the 30th. Temperatures warmed to a high of 57 degrees on the 29th.

29

In 1900…northwest winds were sustained to 45 mph with an extreme velocity of 46 mph.

In 1914…this was the last day of 60 consecutive days with snow cover of one inch or more in Denver. This third longest period of snow cover on record began with the record breaking snow and blizzard on December 1-5… 1913 when a total of 45.7 inches of snow fell in downtown Denver. Additional snowfall during December and January prolonged the event. Snow depth on the ground to the nearest tenth of an inch was measured once daily at 6:00 pm MST.

In 1927…west winds were sustained at 40 mph with gusts to 42 mph.

In 1942…heavy snowfall totaled 6.2 inches in downtown Denver. North winds were sustained to 17 mph.

In 1965…strong winds occurred in Boulder for the third consecutive day. Only limited minor damage was reported. Northwest winds gusted to 40 mph at Stapleton International Airport.

In 1984…highs winds in and near the foothills produced wind gusts as high as 71 mph in Boulder. A plane was flipped over at Jefferson County Airport and damaged beyond repair. In Lakewood…two construction trailers were damaged by the gusts. North winds gusted to only 38 mph at Stapleton International Airport.

In 1990…gale to hurricane force winds gusts raked the foothills. Wind gusts of 50 to 90 mph were common in Boulder County. A peak wind of 94 mph was clocked at Table Mesa in southwest Boulder. Scattered power outages and minor property damage were reported. West winds gusted to 46 mph at Stapleton International Airport.

29-30

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Some AAC/M4A files not recognized

What about 88.2-kHz AAC-LC? It seems that's not supported by fb. I encoded this 88.2-kHz sample with the latest Winamp at 320 kb stereo, and when trying to play it in fb v1.1.10, I get the message "Unable to open item for playback (Unsupported format or corrupted file): ..."

Chris

This post has been edited by C.R.

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Which cards should you use?

Today a friend of mine came up to me and criticized me for always using Bicycle cards for my magic tricks. He prefers to use Tally Ho decks. From the conversation I had with him I thought I would make a new post to help new magicians wanting to know which decks are best for magic tricks.

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Brainless, faceless fish found off Scotland

Wisest of Angels, whom your fate betrays,
And, fairest of them all, deprives of praise,

Satan have pity on my long despair!

O Prince of exiles, who have suffered wrong,
Yet, vanquished, rise from every fall more strong,

Satan have pity on my long despair!

All-knowing lord of subterranean things,
Who remedy our human sufferings,

Satan have pity on my long despair!

To lepers and lost beggars full of lice,
You teach, through love, the taste of Paradise.

Satan have pity on my long despair!

You who on Death, your old and sturdy wife,
Engendered Hope — sweet folly of this life —

Satan have pity on my long despair!

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From Goddiva's Surfers to Yours: The Best 10 Vogue Websites

We adore search engines, nonetheless they are powered by formulas, not creativity. It is rarely alright to use a white-colored tie up using a frilled tank top, but attempt wanting to know yahoo search this, but it would only give back to websites that could market which you frilled tank top or simply a tie [...]

We adore search engines, nonetheless they are powered by formulas, not creativity. It is rarely alright to use a white-colored tie up using a frilled tank top, but attempt wanting to know yahoo search this, but it would only give back to websites that could market which you frilled tank top or simply a tie up, or else both. This is where Goddiva's Top Fashion Internet websites goes into the picture. We like trend, that is a presented, but we also have the fashion chops to rear this loving with. We decided our top ten websites depending on our working information about the things and what will not. We look for interesting depth and depth and variety. We look for websites that are aware of the trend panorama, websites start je ne sais quoi that produces them stand out from the million and another other sites on line.

1. internet.model.com

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kanchiramesh

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what learned today following the yellow brick road to

This is my yellow brick road « My Chronic Life

Following my Yellow Brick Road

Introduction

I have always been open-minded, caring, respectful to other people's ways and helpful to others. Living by the motto, 'Do unto others as you'd have done unto you'. If people were to describe me, they would use words like: outgoing, friendly, happy, approachable, lively, passionate, helpful, knowledgeable. And that is who I am fundamentally.

I come from a very supportive, close and loving family. Mother showers me with love on the emotional and affectionate side. Dad shows love by providing for us our entire life so that we never went without, on the emotional and affectionate side not so much once I hit puberty and now whilst growing up. And believe it or not, I have found this to be one of my reasons for being who I am today. So I thank him for this, but at the same time, I wonder if he knows what harm he has done (I'm saying this in a very lightreprimandingtone).

Don't get me wrong, I am very thankful for my family and all they have done for me throughout my life. I am grateful and privileged. So you're most probably wondering why I am telling you this… You will soon be enlightened in my future posts….

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The Time Has Come For GameCube Acquisitions

I've been thinking, now would be the best time to binge of GC stuff. Gamestop just dropped the price of the used systems to $29.99, and every store I've been to is in final liquidations of the games.

What do you think, should we be liberating these poor games before they hit the dumpsters, or should we wait just a little bit longer?

what impact does slider pitch have on the batter

Calculating Velocity of a Baseball at Jason's Code Blog

A while ago, a friend asked me the following question: "Is it possible for the horizontal component of the baseball's velocity to increase in magnitude and not be negated when the batter hits the ball?" That is, can the batter hit the ball in such as way as to make the ball continue traveling toward the catcher, yet increase the horizontal velocity of the ball? He posted this question on some forums and received some varied responses. Half the respondents said no and half said yes. He asked me, so I figured I'd test it out in sage.

The first thing to point out is that this is still a very unrealistic calculation. I did my best to quickly account for properties the ball may have (size, weight, elasticity, etc.) and made a quick graphical representation of the ball and bat, with vectors representing their velocities. Here's the code, and then I'll discuss some of the findings.

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Lawyer Demands Pacemaker Vendor Supply Source Code

Last year at OSCON. Sadly the line was too long for me to shake her hand and say thanks for starting this.

There's a few points I'd like to add, many already covered.

1) She's qualified to do this. Not to review the software. But she has plenty of good colleagues for that.

She's a director of GNOME (I know, I know...), former GC of the SFLC, an attorney... and... from listening to her talk, she either genuinely gets software -- or someone that did wrote her whole speech for her.

2) This is a real, not a hypothetical problem.

People commenting without RTFA need to understand--These devices are 802.11 enabled. Remote exploits/have/ been demonstrated.

This is not a wholly uncommon situation -- one of my coworkers has a daughter with a computerized glucose pump that has also had remote compromise demonstrated.